Confidence In British Jury System - Free Essay Example

The jury system is often described as the jewel in the Crown or the corner-stone of the British criminal justice system. It is a hallowed institution which, because of its ancient origin and involvement of 12 randomly selected lay people in the criminal process, commands much public confidence. Lord Justice Auld (1999) Review of the Criminal courts of England and Wales, Chapter 5, paragraph 1 Is such confidence in the jury system justified? Trial by jury is the idea that 12 ordinary randomly selected people are chosen through a process called voire dire and are asked to be the arbiter of facts in a criminal trial. Under the Juries Act of 1974, in order to be eligible for jury service, one must be a) between the ages of 18-70, b) registered on the electoral roll, c) lived in the United Kingdom for the last 5 years, d) not been disqualified according to parts I II of s.1. This essay will seek to argue that although several merits have been attributed to the institution in that it prevents the application of unpopular laws and allows for the facilitation of deliberate democracy, in recent times the role that juries play have cast a shadow on its true original function. My argument will focus on four main aspects; namely public participation and how this affects the nature of perverse verdicts, and the concept of the model jury in which it is so highly regarded upon, and the issues regarding impropriety which run coun ter to it. I will be using a range of cases and evidence to illustrate and highlight the most serious questions that the future of trial by jury poses. Essentially, how the notion of confidence is in jeopardy and shows no real sign of improving. Participation v Perverse Verdicts In essence, trial by jury in England and Wales effectively encourages public participation and deliberative democracy. Lord Denning describes the process of jury service as giving ordinary folk their finest lesson in citizenship. (Elliot Quinn: 2008, 251) This can certainly be the case. Twelve ordinary lay persons that belong to various walks in life, drawn into the trial procedure, without any formal training and are asked to be the arbiters of the facts of the case, can provide a fresh innovative and legitimate approach. Their relative diversity of experience and their knowledge of common people, combined with their means of thought and conduct can outweigh a judge or a bench of judges. They help to assist and decide upon the rights of their fellow-citizens, and therefore their verdict paves the way forward towards the justification of those rights. Clearly, such participation offers the public insight into the mechanics of the judicial system; it successfully enhances a soli d sense and sobriety of judgement and encourages serious responsibility in matters of important affairs. With participation comes the ability to judge according to conscience. This is due to the fact they can ultimately decide whether a person is guilty or not, and as a result Elliot and Quinn note that where the law requires a guilty verdict, genuine justice does not. (Ibid) Hence, Juries offer a bulwark against strict state prosecutions. However, one can express reservations in relation to a jury finding its way through the maze of complex and conflicting facts. The Roskill Committee claimed that many juries had expressed some trouble in trying to comprehend the evidence, and so were more likely to acquit. This seems to correlate with research carried out by Baldwin McConville. They examined 500 cases consisting of both convictions and acquittals, and found that 25 per cent of acquittals posed serious questions. (Baldwin McConville: 1979, 70) This demonstrates that juries wil l not base their decisions on facts or even the law, because they very often allow their conscience to obstruct the administration of justice. A jury that has difficulty in comprehending the evidence and the application of legal rules provides no suitable protection against wrong decisions. It is this argument that leads to the problem of perverse verdicts. A perverse verdict of a jury is that which is either entirely against the weight of the evidence or contrary to the judges direction on a question of law. (Oxford: 2009, 406) In R v Wang [2005] UKHL 9, under s. 2, a question was raised by the Court of Appeal to the House of Lords. In what circumstances, if any, is a judge entitled to direct a jury to return a verdict of guilty? the House of Lords stated that the duty of the judge is to direct the jury to acquit when there is no evidence on which a reasonable jury could convict. However, this does mean that a judge can direct the jury to convict where it is evident that the def endant has no defence. Thus, a judge cannot dictate a verdict. Under the Criminal Justice Act of 2003, s.43 discusses the subject of complex fraud trials. This was a measure by the government to curb the right to trial by jury. However, after much controversy it was eventually removed. Consequently, to a defendant, the main effect of withdrawing a case from the jurys deliberations and directing a conviction is that the judge is depriving the defendant of a possibility of receiving a perverse verdict. However, it is the ability to give perverse verdicts which is the cause of such controversy. In the case of R v Ponting [1985] Crim LR 318, a senior Ministry of Defence official had violated the Official Secrets Act of 1911, as he considered it be a matter of public interest, whereby the government had lied. He was also acquitted by the jury. As a result of this, the Official Secrets Act of 1911 was amended. On one hand, juries allow ordinary people to insert moral guidance into the legal system. Where there is such a strong strength of feeling, it is a key indication that a cross-section of society is deeply discontented with a facet of criminal law or justice. In this respect, such acquittals are a vital reform indicator, which helps make the system more democratic. Nevertheless, juries are not constrained by the laws or by judicial precedent. They need not justify their verdicts, in contrast to a judge who has to give a comprehensive explanation of their verdict, and the legal principles they base it on. Hence, juries can convict a defendant for any reason necessary, and due to the secrecy of the court it is difficult to tell whether that decision is justifiable. This can be seen as a downside to jury-equity. Lord Justice Auld concluded that juries have no right to acquit defendants in defiance of the law or in disregard of the evidence. (Auld: 2001, 176) In September 2000, 27 Green peace volunteers and the executive Lord Melchett, were found not guilt y of criminal damage after they had destroyed a field of genetically modified maize in Norfolk. Their defence was that they were trying to prevent the contamination of close organic crops. The Criminal Damage Act of 1971 s. 2 (b) states that if any person has damaged or threatened to destroy the property in question on the grounds of protection then they have a valid defence. Perhaps the jury in this case, believed that the actions of Greenpeace were justifiable on the grounds that many citizens are against the idea of genetically modified crops, and the uprooting of these crops would contaminate the organic crops. The Guardian newspaper quoted Scimac, a company that represented GM crops. This verdict creates fundamental questions about the ability of our legal system to cope with the gradual erosion of respect for public rights and authority. (Guardian: 2001) Based on this it can be claimed that although jurors pledge an oath to give a true judgment according to the evidence presen ted before them, such verdicts can prove to be politically undesirable. The criminal standard of proof is beyond reasonable doubt, and an unrealistic standard of 100 per cent certainty is attached. This may be why juries are so inclined to acquit defendants. Model Jury v Impropriety However, it should be remembered that the jury system is a sacred institution that helps to secure substantial justice and although it may seldom depart from the stern application of logical rules, they do help to break down some of these rules and create an understanding. Within Adam Smiths moral and legal philosophy, the role of the impartial spectator is greatly illustrated. According to Smith, the impartial spectator is an imagined man within the breast whose approbation or disapproval makes up our awareness of the nature of our own conduct. (Smith: 1759, 33) Smith therefore, tries to portray the voice of conscience. Holler Leroch have utilized this concept and applied it to the position of the jury. They contend that legal rules tend to be very abstract and vague, and thus the application of such rules to a given case can prove to be of a problematic nature. Juries therefore have a democratic role to play. They can approximate what society as a whole considers as the social n orms for the case under review. In a (legal) judgment process, each juror has to individually and impartially sympathise with both parties within the court and as a result of this an impartial position can be approximated. (Holler Leroch: 2010, 10) In this way, the jury can be seen as representing community values and raising confidence within the legal system. Public participation enables justice not only to be done, but seen to be done. In this light the public perception is respected. However, as Holler Leroch state, achieving impartiality, is not as straightforward as one may claim. The difficulty in trying to give equal weighting to each party can alter their personal verdict. It is this argument which has lead to the issue of impropriety within the jury system. The notion of confidentiality that encircles jury deliberations, implies that little is known about how juries within England and Wales, function in practice. The presumption is that confidence in the jury system i s strongly allied with the perceived fairness of the process, ultimate respect for the rights of the defendants and primarily, the diversity of the jury and its ability to consider evidence from various perspectives. This is enforced under s. 8 (1) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981. It is strictly forbidden to obtain, disclose or solicit any particulars of statements made, opinions expressed, arguments advanced or votes cast by members of a jury in the course of their deliberation. This is upheld by the European Court of Human Rights who argue that secrecy preserves the finality of the verdict and protects jurors from threats, and ultimately allows for open discussions, and more importantly for the potential acquittal of the accused. Hence, the sanctity of jury deliberations is vital to the criminal justice system as it helps to preserve the traditional values which keep the juries within lawful bounds, and helps to facilitate a healthy democracy. This can also be seen alongside the concept of the reasonable man. The reasonable man is a legal fiction within the field of jurisprudence that conveys an anthropomorphic image. He represents an objective standard in society against which an individuals conduct can be measured against. Therefore, the reasonable man reveals whether there has been a breach of standard of care. However, it can be seen that in the following cases, the jury who help to form the concept of the reasonable man, have themselves fallen below standards of lawful and moral conduct. In R v Mirza [2004] UKHL 2, it had been claimed that the jurors had ignored the judges directions concerning the defendants assistance of a personal interpreter. Some of the jurors were very apprehensive about this, and it was alleged that as a result of this mistrust, it lead to a guilty verdict on the basis of perverse racial grounds. An argument about the possible inquiry into jury deliberations was put forward by Lord Slynn. He stated that it seems plain that d iscussion and disagreement in public as to what happened in the jury room is likely to undermine public confidence in the jury system. (R v Armstrong [1922] 2 KB 555, at 568.)This justification reveals something more sinister, that ignorance is bliss. This view was shared by Lord Steyn. Injustice can be tolerated as the price for protecting the jury system. [2004] UKHL 2 at [4] Thus, despite the presumption that jurors abide by their oaths, the concept of a model jury can prove problematic, not only in terms of the rigidity of the law, but in terms of juror accountability and this does little to embolden propriety. Moreover, in the case of Pullar v United Kingdom [1996] 22 EHRR 391, one of the members of the jury was an employee of a prime prosecution witness. The ECHR claimed that within a democratic society, the convention of impartiality is a vital ingredient; however there was no real indication to state that although there was some degree of proximity that it would automatic ally result in some form of bias towards the prosecutions witness testimony. In each individual case it must be decided whether the familiarity in question is of such a nature and degree as to indicate a lack of impartiality on the part of the tribunal. (Ibid, at para. 38) The question here was not if the trial judge presiding would have dismissed the juror due to the connection between the juror and the witness, but whether their presence on the jury would have fatally influenced the verdict for the wrong reasons. What this demonstrates is that sometimes there can be no real attempt to ensure that deliberations are not tainted with prejudice, since the secrecy principle is at odds with common law. Such heavy dependence of propriety presents a very thorny issue within the world of jury deliberations. It can be extremely difficult for the appellants to show that there has been gross misconduct. Consequently, the judgments are anything, but an endorsement of a utilitarian view, such that maintenance of public confidence within the jury system is at the expense of allegations of a miscarriage of justice. Thus, this utilitarian method is incompatible with Article 6 of the ECHR (the right to a fair trial) and the Criminal Procedural Rules, which assert that the principal objective of any criminal trial is to exonerate the innocent and convict the guilty. Corker Johnson argue that complaints of impropriety are usually deterred, especially when juries have disbanded. (Corker Johnson: 2005, 4) It can therefore be argued, whether the efforts trying to uphold the overriding principle of the secrecy of jury deliberations actually sustains confidence in the role of the jury, or whether additional challenges to verdicts, due to both lawful and unlawful disclosures of misconduct (Ibid, 4) will encourage those who try to weaken the link between the public and the judicial process. I [233330] declare that this piece of work contains [2,493] words. Bibliography Cases: Pullar v United Kingdom [1996] 22 EHRR 391 R v Armstrong [1922] 2 KB 555 R v Mirza [2004] UKHL 2 R v Ponting [1985] Crim LR 318 R v Wang [2005] UKHL 9

Advancements in Medicine The Black Death Essay - 1208 Words

During the Middle Ages, medicine was limited. This was critical because in 1348-1350 the Black Death killed millions, nearly one third of the population. Physicians had no idea what was causing diseases or how to stop them (Medicine in the Middle). The Catholic Church told its people the illness was punishment from God for their sins (Gates 9). Some of the only procedures doctors could perform was letting blood by using leeches, and mix ‘medicines’ using herbs, spices, and resins (Rooney 106-107). Other medicine was administered by drinks, ointments, poultices, baths, and purges (Rooney 120). One hundred years later, when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, many scholars moved to Italy, where they freely exchanged ideas. With them†¦show more content†¦The church taught that illness was a punishment from God, and people saw no point in trying to find cures because they naively agreed with the church (Gates 9). If the people tried to find a cure, they would be accused of making a move against God by the church. Instead, the Church just wanted prayer, devotion, and faith and the Church discouraged the use of herbal remedies. This caused friction between the Church and physicians (Nordqvist). In the Renaissance time, there were not barbers and surgeons as we know them today. Barber surgeons could be found in most medieval towns and, as well as cutting hair, were also known for small surgical procedures (McPeak, Commissioner). A regular surgeon however, tended to be known by reputation as much as qualification (Bellerby). Barber surgeons also happened to be more common because all you would need is an apprenticeship to be eligible to do the job (Gates 13). Whereas, becoming a surgeon would take six years of schooling (Dawson 24). After the six years of schooling, many times if the surgeon was successful, royal and noble families would call upon them. A barber surgeon handled all of the minor surgeries, and even some of the major ones if the people were too poor to see a surgeon. Some of the things barber surgeons did were that they cut hair, pull teeth, and blood letting to keep you in good health, and remove swords, knives, and arrows from battles. The barber surgeonsShow MoreRelatedIs It A Human Incubator For Viruses?968 Words   |  4 Pagesor more severity of the Black Death to happen. The available access to medical assistance and hygiene, advancement in medicine, and all the information help with preventing that from occurring. The world in the 1300s did not have these type of luxuries like the 21st century had to offer. This made the spread of viruses easier. Starting with the Middle Ages, access to medical help was limited. The clergy and some of the wealthy were only ones permitted to practice medicine at the time. As a resultRead MoreWomen During The First Half Of The Twentieth Century951 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Medicine: Adding â€Å"Color† to Medicine By 1914, every Southern state had passed laws that created to separate the societies of blacks and whites generally of inferior quality. These laws place a widespread of restrictions on African-American women in medicine; limiting their access for advancement in education, the job market, as well as, medical-services. Although historians have examined the social and economic impact of two world wars and their roles of women in medicine during the firstRead MoreThe Black Death : The Bubonic Plague Of The Thirteen Thousands Swept Through Europe Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Hurst Dr. Reedy College English 13 October 2016 The Black Death The bubonic plague of the thirteen hundreds swept through Europe, claiming the lives of one-third of its population in merely three years. This was the most horrific epidemic the world has seen to date. Poor sanitation practices, improper burial of corpses, and insufficient systems for waste removal were important factors in allowing the plague to manifest (Byrne 31). Infected fleas and rats, brought by trade ships and theRead MoreMedieval Medicine. Life For People During The Medieval1329 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval Medicine Life for people during the Medieval Times, also known as the Dark Ages or middle ages, between 400 – 1450 was incredibly difficult due to disease and illnesses being spread throughout Europe. Medieval medicine during the time was easily misunderstood and generally mistreated. As a result, disease spread rapidly, deaths occur at outrageous numbers, and caused people to turn to various forms of medical help. To understand medieval medicine, we must first be able to look back atRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1035 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, infectious diseases have impacted communities around the world. Outbreaks of bacteria and viruses in the past have damaged cities and devastated populations. Over the years, new developments in technology have led to advances in medicine and health. The great strides that have been made over the years have helped improve the lives of individuals and have led to a better environment. This paper will follow some of the major epidemics in world history. It will demonstrate how theRead MoreToxicology And Its Effect On Different Organisms1743 Words   |  7 Pageswell as a branch of medicine, and as such one or more degrees in biochemistry, medicine, or toxicology are required for a career in toxicology. The study of toxicology is a study in which one inspects poisons in either the body or on their own, and use it for experimental purposes; one of these purposes likely being the ability to experiment with poison antidotes. There are many advancements that have helped toxicology grow into the science that it is today, and these advancements have helped make manyRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Nineteenth Century And Today s Modern Medicine1580 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: The purpose is to compare and contrast treatments and causes for The Black Death from the seventeenth century to today’s modern medicine. Introduction: The Black Death is arguably one of the most important events of the medieval era. This catastrophic plague spread through Western Europe terminating two hundred million people which happened to be one third of the population between 1328 and 1351(Sterling). The Black Death Plague stands out as one of the most dramatic and lifestyle changing eventRead MoreScience in Nathaniel Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter1363 Words   |  6 Pagesnature. Parallels that can be draw between the story and the destructive and constructive power of science that were at work during the18th century. These include the evolution of science, man’s desire to have dominion over nature, the advancement of medicine, and the misuse of science to justify inequalities. The productive and destructive powers of scientific discovery could also be seen as a power struggle between good and evil. These discoveries helped shape the views of 18th century AmericanRead MoreTaking a Look at the Tuskegee Project1538 Words   |  6 Pagesto improve quality care for the black community. This initiative aimed at achieving greater knowledge of syphilis spanned the course of forty years, from 1932 through 1972, before it was stopped based on ethical dilemmas. The Tuskegee Project was initially a six month study of untreated syphilis. It progressed to a long term, open-ended research study set up and authorized by the United States Public Health Service. The Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Alabama, depended onRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plague

Ms Quantitative Economics - 3348 Words

SYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR MS(QE) 2012 Syllabus for ME I (Mathematics), 2012 Algebra: Binomial Theorem, AP, GP, HP, Exponential, Logarithmic Series, Sequence, Permutations and Combinations, Theory of Polynomial Equations (up to third degree). Matrix Algebra: Vectors and Matrices, Matrix Operations, Determinants. Calculus: Functions, Limits, Continuity, Diï ¬â‚¬erentiation of functions of one or more variables. Unconstrained Optimization, Deï ¬ nite and Indeï ¬ nite Integrals: Integration by parts and integration by substitution, Constrained optimization of functions of not more than two variables. Elementary Statistics: Elementary probability theory, measures of central tendency; dispersion, correlation and regression, probability†¦show more content†¦The probability of using 2 2 transports A, B, C, D by an individual is 1 , 9 , 4 , 9 respectively. The 9 9 probability that he arrives late at work if he uses transportation A, B, 4 C, D is 5 , 7 , 6 , and 6 respect ively. What is the probability that he 7 7 7 used transport A if he reached oï ¬Æ'ce on time? A B C D 1 , 9 1 , 7 3 , 7 2 . 9 19. What is the least (strictly) positive value of the expression a3 +b3 +c3 − 3abc, where a, b, c vary over all strictly positive integers? (You may use ( ) the identity a3 +b3 +c3 −3abc = 1 (a+b+c) (a−b)2 +(b−c)2 +(c−a)2 .) 2 A 2, B 3, C 4, D 8. 20. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca is, (A) −0.75, (B) Belongs to the interval [−1, −0.5], (C) Belongs to the interval [0.5, 1], (D) None of the above. 21. Consider the following linear programming problem: Maximize a + b subject to a + 2b ≠¤ 4, a + 6b ≠¤ 6, 5 a − 2b ≠¤ 2, a, b ≠¥ 0. An optimal solution is: (A) a=4, b=0, (B) a=0, b=1, (C) a=3,b=1/2, (D) None of the above. ∠« −1 1 22. The value of −4 x dx equals, (A) ln 4, (B) Undeï ¬ ned, (C) ln(−4) − ln(−1), (D) None of the above. 23. Given x ≠¥ y ≠¥ z, and x + y + z = 9, the maximum value of x + 3y + 5z is (A) 27, (B) 42, (C) 21, (D) 18. 24. A car with six sparkplugs is known to have two malfunctioning ones. If two plugs are pulled out at random, what is the probability of getting at least one malfunctioning plug. (A) 1/15, (B) 7/15, (C) 8/15, (D) 9/15. 25. Suppose there is a multiple choice test which has 20 questions.Show MoreRelatedResearch Proposal For An Investment Banking Summer Analyst765 Words   |  4 Pageswriting to suggest Ms. Khaliunaa Otgonkhuyag for an Investment banking summer analyst position. She not only has an outstanding academic record but also a number of other core attributes transferrable to this pos ition such as strong quantitative and technical skills, exceptional extracurricular commitment, and a keen interest in investment banking. Academics and Skillset Ms. Khaliunaa Otgonkhuyag is a junior, concentrating on both Finance and Environmental, Energy, and Resource Economics at Cornell UniversityRead MoreStatement of Purpose for a Career in Computational Finance1041 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement and more importantly stock picking seemed all a bit too random, a haphazard practice that had a very tenuous logical and analytical base. About 8 months ago I was introduced to the concept of quantitative finance, by one of my seniors having a similar profile and currently working as a quantitative financial analyst. Having always been fascinated by financial concepts and their implications at both the macro and micro level, I decided to explore this field. From the very first moment that I readRead MoreBibliography On Intellectual Property Law1669 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition is considered by academics and those who practice within the field to hold a slightly lower threshold than the British. Outside the relatively easily attainable requirement of intellectual creation and creative freedom, only those creating a quantitative reproduction will fail. In Painer , a limitation was established concerning photographs of two-dimensional subjects, created with the intention of reproducing the subject as precisely as possible. However, this limit is inapplicable within theRead MoreInfluence Of Uk Company Law, Takeover Reg ulation And Corporate Governance On Policy Making1238 Words   |  5 Pagesclaim and the factual claim . Yet, these failed to consider changing global circumstances and other nuances. Efficiency claim It was claimed that the SM produces the best economic outcomes, as evidenced by the strong performance of the US economy . Yet, this argument overlooks the influence of geography and culture on economic performance . It can also no longer be claimed that the SM facilitates strong economies. The US economy is deteriorating while China, a standard-bearer for the state-orientedRead MoreThe Court Of The European Union1466 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion concerns Romanian nationals who were refused a grant of benefits by way of basic provision by Jobcenter Leipzig on 28 September 2011. After they were refused a second time they lodged an administrative objection which was dismissed. On 1 July 2012 Ms Dano and her son challenged that decision before the Sozialgericht Leipzig . The Court of Justice of the European Union decided that Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 must be construed as meaning that ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’ fall withinRead MoreFinance, Economics, And Finance Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesappreciate the importance of financial sector in the modern world. In the university, I was fortunate to have been exposed to many interesting and challenging fields. Though I ultimately chose to major in Accounting, I also studied business, management, economics, and finance. These courses impressed upon me the importance of the financial sector in the economy. Finance professionals have the unique responsibility of managing assets and analyzing risks to ensure the future success of a company or organizationRead MoreCentral Bank Of The United States1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe economy is weakening or inflation is below the Committee’s objective, policy is established to lower the federal funds rate, and that way reduces i nterests rates in general. On the other hand, the federal funds rate is raised when inflation or economic activity is rising above appropriate levels. Ultimately, in the short run, when the Fed wants to stimulate aggregate spending, it reduces the federal funds target and vise versa. In the long run, monetary policy mainly affects inflation. A low andRead MoreUnderstanding Adverse Selection1663 Words   |  7 Pagessecond statement listed above references payment for goods and services, which is the inherent condition for the given definition. The first and third statements listed reference money in a figurative existence. The first option references a rough quantitative number, which generally would ignore the benefits from the health insurance and company picnic and the third statement refers to behavior as a result of fantasy. 3. For each of the following assets, indicate which of the money aggregates (M1Read MoreEight Centuries Of Financial Folly By Carmen M. Reinhart And Kenneth S. Rogoff1727 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential economic analysis book around recent years.(paul letter2) In this essay, I will give a brief view of Reinhart-Rogoff’s theory and explore some criticisms of R-R’s work, and then summarizes their defences against those criticisms. The main argument of Reinhart-Rogoff is that too much debt will leads to a huge dangerous consequence. In their recent working paper â€Å"Growth in a Time of Debt†, they pointed out that once government issued debt which exceeds 90 percent of GDP, economic growth wouldRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Random Digit Dialing Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesEstimated to cost between $20,000 and $50,000, the Brand Image Monitoring Survey (brand tracking) as suggested by Mr. Wallace when considering the $3.5 million in lost sales easily provides reason to move forward. The brand tracking will use the quantitative approach of â€Å"random digit dialing† in the areas that surround each Coop Outlet to ensure the â€Å"probability standard.† When designed and implemented correctly with clear, specific techniques, will uncover improvement areas to drive up sales and capitalize

A Tale of Two Cities Archetype List - 3226 Words

Characters Charles Darnay- Charles Darnay is the hero archetype throughout the story. He continually does the right thing and he has very noble actions. He refuses his family name because he believes they are cruel and is willing to do anything to help rescue people in need. This property and France are lost to me. I renounce them. (Dickens, 116) Charles is ashamed of his family’s actions and refuses to be a part of that family because of it. This shows his hero quality in that he stands against evil. Lucie Manette- Lucie is seen as the nurturer archetype in the story. She has very compassionate and innocent actions. No, Mr. Carton. I am sure that the best part of it might still be; I am sure that you might be much, much worthier of†¦show more content†¦Lightness-Darkness- Lightness and darkness are both used in the story to symbolize the good and evil in characters. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. . . . (Dickens, 1) Lightness refers to good people, like Lucie. Darkness refers to the evil in people like in Madame Defarge. Darkness represents things like the captivity of doctor Manette. Water-D esert- The water-desert archetype is best represented by Carton. As an alcoholic, he sometimes feels as if he’s drowning in his own failure. But can also feel like a desert, because there is no clear life path that he can see. â€Å"As the boat so favoured is usually in a rough plight and mostly under water, so, Sydney had a swamped life of it. But, easy and strong custom, unhappily so much easier and stronger in him than any stimulating sense of desert or disgrace†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dickens, 201) Heights-Depths- Heights and depths best represent the different sides of the characters. There good sides and there bad, and what sides they keep from people. â€Å"A wonderful fact to reflect upon, that everyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book A New Hope 2190 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 1 – Every Trip Is a Quest (Except When It s Not) Response List the five aspects of the QUEST and then apply them to something you have read (or viewed) in the form used on pages 3†5. A quest must consist of a â€Å"quester† or character pursuing said quest, a destination, justification to journey to that destination, challenges the quester faces along the way and, finally, the true reason for making the journey. A movie that undoubtedly mirrors these components is Star Wars Episode IV: A NewRead More Christianity And Lord Of The Rings Essays3430 Words   |  14 Pagesrecognizes his archetype. If he has at all grasped its form and meaning, if the archetype has at all succeeded in working its way to his heart, then it must also work its way to his pen. The essence of the gospel and of fairy-tales is, in Tolkiens own word, euchatastrophe--the surprising, hopeful turn in all mans despair and sorrow. Joy is the result, a brief glimpse springing out of the inherent evangelium of the genre.(4)This is the dominant note of, and even the apology for, fairy-tales. TolkiensRead MoreEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 Pagespersonalities, and family histories individual to themselves. We identify with these characters because their specific humanity engages us and their individuality resembles our own. Magical realism defies our experience of fictional selves. We see archetypes (and so often stereotypes) rather than individuals—characters (in all their totality) are symbolic and representative of human characteristics more so than are they depictions of singular beings we are to â€Å"know† as mirrors of our whole selvesRead MoreThe Trickster of Hamelin3336 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom the viewpoint of the pied piper instead of the villagers. The summary of the original poem is as followed. The town of Hamelin in Brunswick is introduced and it is told that there was a serious vermin problem 500 years ago. Rats overran the city to the point where the villagers demanded the mayor and the councilmen that the rats be gotten rid of. The mayor cannot find a way to get rid of the rats until a stranger whom says he can’t in odd clothing arrives at the village. The stranger saysRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesRationalism/Age of Enlightenment American Renaissance/Romanticism Gothic Realism Naturalism Modernism Harlem Renaissance Postmodernism Contemporary Puritan Times period of American Literature - 1650-1750 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · errand into the wilderness be a city upon a hill Christian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: Read MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthe Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology VII. W. B. Yeats and â€Å"A Vision:† The Arab Mansions of the Moon On Ritual and Talismans Picatrix Astrological Magic Aphorisms Extracts on Planetary Ritual Clothing Twenty Two Benefic Astrological Talismans Astrology, Magical Talismans and the Mansions of the Moon Ritual of Jupiter An Astrological Election of Mercury in the First Face of Virgo for Wealth and Growth XIV. Invocation of Mercury On the Decans and Tarot XV. XVIRead MoreFtv 106a Essay9564 Words   |  39 Pagesamong others, discovered people want to see young beautiful actors ï‚ § Signed Mary Pickford, Samuel Goldwyn and Cecil DeMille ï‚ § Adolph Zukor saw that his Famous Players features were what was making Paramount money—thought if he could merge these two it would be the most powerful company in the film industry o 1916 – Zukor’s Famous Players Film Company and Lasky Feature Play Company merge production and distribution = Famous Players-Lasky Corporation was now large enough to contend with otherRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesPlatform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. Gregg’s Appliances, Inc.: Deciding on a New Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-7 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (B): Cleaning Up an Information Systems Debacle Read MoreThe Disillusionment of American Dream in Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night19485 Words   |  78 Pagesof the self-made young men in the 20th century. In this thesis, Fitzgerald’s two most important novels The Great Gatsby(2003) and Tender is the Night(2005) are analyzed. Both these two novels tell us the story of the pursuit and failure of the American dream of the young men in the twenties. Jay Gatsby is the central character of The Great Gatsby and Dick Diver is the counterpart of Tender Is the Night and both these two men fall in love with the beautiful and wealthy girls of the upper class andRead MoreManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry60457 Words   |  242 PagesIndia’s Tata Motors, which has recently attracted attention with its âž” ultra low-cost Nano car. Renault and Nissan are linked by cross ownership: Renault holds 44.3 percent of Nissan, and Nissan owns 15 percent of Renault shares. This allows the two competing companies to strengthen their cooperation on operational issues and strategy within the framework of the âž” strategic alliance that they formed in 1999 (cf. also Schmid/Hartmann 2007). BMW, Daimler and General Motors – competitors in other

The Theory Of Development Concepts And Applications By...

Sadly, my early years of child rearing were not of heavy observation on my part! Our home was one of somewhat traditional roles in terms of family dynamic. I worked long hours away from the home and didn t have the one on one contact with our children that my wife had, and enjoyed. I of course got the play-by-play from her, but in hind sight, I was deprived of so many beautiful observations. Our text Theories of Development Concepts and Applications by William Crain outlines human development by many theorists. A few of those are John Bowlby, Mary D.S. Ainsworth, and Erik H. Erikson. I couldn t help but reminisce about the stages of my own children’s growth while reading the work of Bowlby, Ainsworth and Erikson. I remember having my young children with me when ever it was possible, but what attachments to them might I have missed while I was busy working or did I miss any at all? Bowlby’s work on attachment gives a compelling argument as to the importance of a ttachment in the first 6 months of a Childs life. Ainsworth’s work is focused on the idea of a child using the parent as a base for further exploration of their surroundings. Erikson’s work on the other hand considers the role of society and culture in development. In reading these works, the theories appear to be easily stitched together to give an all encompassing view of human development over an entire life time and how our attachment to our parents is critical to that development. Let’s furtherShow MoreRelatedThe views of Piaget and Gesell on how development occurs1430 Words   |  6 Pagestheorists have impacted and influenced child development as did the work of Jean Piaget and Arnold Gesell. Although they stand at opposite poles, both have recorded facts useful to parents and professionals alike. This paper presents the highlights of their theories and focuses on their major differences. The views of Piaget and Gesell on how development occursIntroductionIn Psychology, very few theorists have impacted and influenced child development as did the work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) andRead MoreHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theories’) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interactionRead MoreEssay about Born Into Brothels1821 Words   |  8 Pagesjoin the line, and many express that they want a better life for themselves. The movie highlights the internal conflict of the young girls as developmentally; they begin to acquire a self identity that contradicts social learning or behaviorism theory. Most of the youth want to be their own individual and to better themselves by education, but do disrespect the women and men living these lifestyles. Another theme interwoven into the story and equally compelling was the relationship betweenRead MoreMy Belief As A Teacher Essay3215 Words   |  13 Pagesthe beliefs that I hold about myself as a teacher. I will further touch on the practical and personal experiences that have helped shape who I am. The research that underpins children’s learning and development. Finally it goes to explore the image I hold towards young children’s learning and development. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison (Metaphor, n. d.) The metaphor that IRead MorePsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis1998 Words   |  8 PagesPsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis Darryl Albarado Survey of Research in Human Development for Professional Counselors The theory of psychosocial development created by Erik Erikson is perhaps one of the best known personality theories. The theory differs from many others in that it addresses development across the entire lifespan, from birth through death. At each stage, the individual deals with a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. When the conflict is resolvedRead MoreHow Mandela Was Born Into The Madiba Clan2641 Words   |  11 PagesApplying theories to Mandela s life Nature/nurture The study of human development has been plagued by the nature-nurture controversy. It is the debate over the impact of hereditary and environmental influences in shaping different personal traits and characteristic. To what degree does nature-nurture influences an individual? Assessing the impact of this factor cannot be easily explained since both are influential. Mandela’s leadership skills can be attributed to the nature/ nurture theory becauseRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesEstate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 5e Pratt William 2011 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 5e Pratt William Kulsrud IG+Test Bank 2011 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 5e Pratt William Kulsrud Solution Manual 2011 Corporate, Partnership, Estate and Gift Taxation, 5th Edition_James W. Pratt, William N. Kulsrud (SM+TB+IG w TB) 2011 Individual Taxation, 5th Edition_James W. Pratt, William N. Kulsrud (SM+TB) A First Book of C++, 4th Edition_GaryRead More8 stages of social development6628 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿ Contents UNIT 4 Unit 4 Development 4.1 Page No Social Development - 2 Eriksons stages of psychosocial development - 2 , 3 Stages of psychosocial development - 3 , 4 , 5 , Eight Stages of Social Development - 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 References - 13 , 14 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Social development theory attempts to explain qualitative changes in the structure and framework of society, that help the society to better realize itsRead MoreOpioid Drugs And Their Receptor9764 Words   |  40 Pagesstructure-based approach in opioid drug development (Manglik et al., 2012) 1.1.1. Hyperalgesia Prolonged opioid use can lead not only to the development of tolerance and dependence, but also to hyperalgesia. The latter was defined by Chen et al. (2010) as a lowered pain threshold in response to treatment with opioids (Chen et al., 2010). This group associated development of hyperalgesia with CaMKIIÃŽ ± signalling pathway. Several mechanisms of hyperalgesia development were suggested by Mao and Price (1995)Read MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesmanagement process to identify and solve organisational problems. Thus, by analysing situations that are described in cases and presenting the results, active learners (that is, students) become skilled at effectively using the tools, techniques and concepts that combine to form the strategic management process. The cases that follow are concerned with actual companies. Presented within the cases are problems and situations that managers and those with whom they work must analyse and resolve. As you

Rohinton Mistry Essay Example For Students

Rohinton Mistry Essay She apparently found comfort in the oil lamp, with the thought of Minocher being around at the back of her mind. But the little oil lamp became a source of comfort in a house grown quiet and empty for the lack of one silent feeble man, one shadow (Page 63). The shadows kept reminding her of the past, and she found solace in it. The pugree is another major symbol which Daulat associates with Minocher. At the end of the story, when she gives it away to the young man, we can see a transformed Daulat. It seemed like she was in a battle of minds before the act. So, the final act of giving away the pugree (and later on of putting off the lamp) signifies her decision to put aside her past and start living in the present. Thus, both these symbols link the past and present, and bring about a change in the protagonist. While the lamp itself brings the two worlds together for the period of four days, the pugree raises questions in Daulats mind, which finally results in her decision to accept reality. Thus, both symbols create hybridity in duality. Imagery in Lend me Your Light also plays a vital role in portraying the dual identities of the characters. Jamshed and Percy are shown to be best friends at the start of the story. Very hyphenated images of Jamshed are given, which very well makes up the readers mind about him. His food arrived precisely at one oclock in the chauffeur-driven, air-conditioned family car, and was eaten in the leather-upholstered luxury of the back seat, amid this collection of hyphenated lavishness (Page 174). On one level, hyphenation operates in the literal sense, and on the other level, it augments the characters identity. We come to acknowledge Jamsheds luxurious lifestyle, what with images such as model-airplane kits, original soundtrack of My Fair Lady and so on. In stark contrast to Jamshed is Percy, with the primary image of Navjeets death summing up all perceptions of Percys character. After a while he looked up and said, They killed Navjeet. No one spoke for the next few minutes. (Page 191). The strength and resolution within Percy is evident and the lifestyle he leads is very much in contrast to Jamsheds. Thus, the duality in the characters is explored through Mistrys use of imagery. It is an irony that these two characters were best friends in their childhood years, which in itself brings about hybridity, as in bringing together two diverse characters and bonding them through friendship. It is another matter they drifted apart in their adulthood Rohinton Mistry was born in Bombay in 1952 and has lived in Canada since 1975. This line in itself sums up his intention of exploring such themes as duality and hybridity. It seems that Mistry has integrated the Canadian culture in him; but his writing of this book and such themes clearly indicates that deep within him, he wants to come back to his mother country. Though we cant place this as a fact, we can see why he would like to explore such issues. The book might be a means for him to merge with his true identity, to vent out his feelings to the world. Thus, Mistry explores these issues as it may relate to his own life to a certain extent, though not as explicitly as portrayed in the stories. Overall, both stories Condolence Visit and Lend me Your Light, very extensively explore the theme of duality and hybridity, or rather, hybridity in duality. Mistry does so by the use of characters, symbolism and imagery. .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .postImageUrl , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:hover , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:visited , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:active { border:0!important; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:active , .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufab4d902600b6513b7260655b3cfd7fa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lewis Carroll Persuasive EssayHe relates them to being between two worlds and thus brings about a whole cycle. Mistry somewhat cunningly handles this theme in a unique way, linking hybridity and duality when they are, essentially, two separate themes entirely.

Brazilian hatiian slavery Essay Example For Students

Brazilian hatiian slavery Essay The European colonies in the Americas were built upon the backs of the African slaves whose unpaid labor produced immense capital for Atlantic economies. Taken from their African homelands and thrust into the Americas, Black slaves labored under the hot Western sun to produce cash crops to add to the coffers of others. The slaves had no economic incentive to produce for their masters. To provide the necessary motivation, the slave masters relied above all on violence to coerce their slaves into labor. The slave trade and the production of cash crops created great wealth and was of great benefit to men on either side of the Atlantic, with the notable exception of the individuals who actually performed the labor. The history of Africans in the Americas is as much a history of slavery as it is a history of resistance to enslavement. From the moment they set foot on American soil, Africans plotted against their masters. Haiti and Brazil were two regions where slavery was as especially important as it was harsh. An African, upon touching Brazilian soil, had a life expectancy of sixteen yearseight years if he was sentenced carrying coffee. (Conrad 125) One third of all Haitian slaves died within several years. (Klubock) Both nations offer countless tales of Black resistance to White domination. Revolutionary action was often connected to religious practice, which slaves had to conduct in secret. African slaves also sought ways to maintain their African culture through secret dances and religious ceremonies, as well as the flight to mock African communities in the Americas to escape bondage. Manumission was also not uncommon as a relief from slavery. In Brazil, manumission was often purchased by a slave who had accumulated wealth on his own. Frequently these slaves were mulattos and more often than not women. In Haiti, children of the master, born of a slave concubine, were frequently manumitted. Haitian and Brazilian manumission created sizable populations of free blacks and mulattos, some of whom became very successful in Euro-American society.(Klubock)Though often temporary, another means of escaping slavery was to flee. Sometimes slaves left their plantations to participate in secret dances. Other slaves attempted permanent escape. As Conrad wrote, The problem of runaway slaves placed a permanent claim on the energies and assets of the slaveholding class (362). The escape of slaves from their plantations was a common event in Brazil. The rosters of most slave owners included runaways, and the metropolitan newspapers were rife with advertisements with descriptions of runaway slaves and offers of rewards. (Conrad 362, 111)Gathering together in the jungles of frontier Brazil, runaway slaves formed towns and villages called quilombos (Conrad 367). These quilombos became centers of African culture where African languages and customs predominated. As in Africa, quilombos were often governed by a king. And given enough time, authority in a quilombo could become hereditary. (Conrad 368)Operating autonomously, quilombos near Brazilian towns were often able to offer their services in exchange for goods. Such arrangements were conducted outside of Brazilian law and efforts were made on the part of the government to suppress these contacts and eliminate the quilombos.(Conrad 368)A Brazilian police report written in 1876 describes the commercial trade conducted between two quilombos and the city of Rio de Janeiro. In addition to supplying the residents of the quilombos with provisions and equipment, Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro always warned them when the re was reason to suspect that the authorities were trying to capture them. In exchange, the members of the quilombos cut and loaded firewood for the Brazilians. (Conrad 386)Another document, written in 1854 by the British consul in Belm, Brazil, describes the members of a quilombo as industrious in the cultivation of rice, mandioca, and Indian corn, and in the manufacture of charcoal. The inhabitants of the quilombo also manufactured canoes and small sail boats for navigating the rivers of the Amazon Valley and carrying on trade. Their trading partners were the inferior class of tradesmen in the neighboring towns with whom the members of the quilombo traded for provisions and equipment. (Conrad 390)Despite the industriousness of many quilombos others relied on less productive means of procuring wealth. When they were located near plantations and settlements, quilombos frequently